Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 2 Articles
Behcet's syndrome is associated with inflammation of various areas of the body.Symptoms of Behcet's syndrome depend on the body areas affected. Recurrent mouth ulcers are characteristic of Behcet's syndrome. Treatment of Behcet's syndrome depends on the severity and the location of its manifestations. Behcet’s disease, sometimes, Morbus Bechets, or Silk Road disease, is a rare immune-mediated systemic vasculitis. Behcet's syndrome is classically characterized as a triad of symptoms that include recurring crops of mouth ulcers (aphthous ulcers), genital ulcers, and inflammation of a specialized area around the pupil of the eye (the uvea). ] Some sources use the term "Adamantiades’ syndrome" or "Adamandiades- Bechets syndrome", for the work done by Benediktos Adamantiades. The patient must have oral ulcers along with different symptoms as genital ulcers, skin lesions, eye inflammation, pathergy reaction. The pathery test has a specificity of 95% to 100%, but the results are often negative in American and European patients [11]. The etiology is not well-defined, but it is primarily characterized by auto-inflammation of the blood vessels. Although sometimes erroneously referred to as a "diagnosis of exclusion," the diagnosis can sometimes be reached by pathologic examination of the affected areas. Early identification and treatment is essential. Immunosuppressants such as interferon alpha and tumour necrosis factor antagonists may improve though not completely reverse symptoms of ocular Behçet's, which may progress over time despite treatment. When symptoms are limited to the anterior chamber of the eye prognosis is improved. Posterior involvement, particularly optic nerve involvement is a poor prognostic indicator....
Neuromyotonia is a disorder of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability characterized by myokymia, muscle cramps and stiffness, delayed muscle relaxation after contraction (pseudomyotonia), and hyperhidrosis, associated with well described spontaneous electromyographic features. Ocular NMT is a rare clinical entity, which is characterized by spontaneous spasm of ocular muscles resulting in paroxysmal diplopia and strabismus. Inappropriate discharges from ocular motor neurons or axons with unstable cell membranes may cause the sustained contraction of their respective ocular muscles. An auto-immune mechanism has been suggested in at least a subset of patients. Various therapies have been tried with different outcome. A patient with NMT responding well to high-dose immunoglobulin treatment is presented. Anticonvulsants, including phenytoin and carbamazepine, usually provide significant relief from the stiffness, muscle spasms, and pain associated with NMT. Serum anti-voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies were positive. Electromyography showed generalized NMT and myokymic discharges....
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